Comparative study of the growth rates of rearing shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) in two concentraions different salinities in vitro

Authors

  • Wafaa A. Abdulrazzaq Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Basrah
  • Raghad Z. Khalaf Department of Ecology, College of Science, University of Basrah
  • Tariq H.Y. Al-Maliky Department of Marine Biology, Marine Science Centre, University of Basrah

Keywords:

Aquaculture, crustaceans, different environments, sustainability.

Abstract

The shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis, was reared in two types of basins with water salinities of (1 and 5) mg/L with initial weights of 1540 ± 278.75 mg and final weights of 1765 ± 273.91 mg and 1891.67 ± 324.66 mg, respectively. Weight gain was 225 ± 5 mg and 347 ± 47 mg, growth rate was 0.464 ± 0.082 mg and 0.678 ± 0.033 mg/day, and survival rates were 60% and 80%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences (P≥0.05) between weight gain, growth rate, and growth rate of the shrimp rearing at the two ponds with different salinity levels (1 and 5) mg/L. Significant differences (P≤0.05) were found in feed conversion ratios and survival rates.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abbas, A.T.; Ghazi, A.H.H. & Sultan, A.N. (2024). Influence of different temperature-salinity combinations on the oxygen consumption in the juveniles Metapenaeus affinis. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(4), 1479–1494.

Abdel Razek, F.A.; Ragheb, E.; El-Deeb, R.S., & Ahmed, H.O. (2022). Growth, mortality and stock assessment of Metapenaeus affinis (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from Iraqi waters. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 14(1), 83–90.

Abdul-Sahib, S. & Ajeel, A. (2005). Study of body composition and nutritional value of Metapenaeus affinis. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 20(2), 45–52.

Al-Hafedh, Y. S., Siddiqui, A. Q. & Al-Saiady, Y. (1999). Effects of dietary protein levels on gonad maturation, size and age at first maturity, fecundity and growth of Nile tilapia. Aquaculture International, 7(5), 319–332.

Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2009). Comparing the growth rates of shrimp Jinga shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edward, 1837) cultured in three different culture systems. University of Basra, College of Agriculture, Department of Fish and Marine Resources, Master's Thesis. 108 p.

Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2013). Manual and characters of com-mon shrimp species in Southern Iraqi waters. Deposit number in the House of Books and Documents in Bagh-dad 756, 2013 - Publications of the Center for Marine Sciences - Basra University – Iraq. 192 pp.

Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2017). Breeding of shrimps Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) in cages. International Journal of Marine Science, 7(41), 394–398.

Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2022). Breeding and population characteristics of Metapenaeus affinis in southern Iraq. International Journal of Marine Science, 12(3), 150-158.

Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2024). Growth, mortality and stock assessment of Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) in Iraqi marine waters of the Northwest Arabian Gulf. Journal of Animal and Natural Sciences, 5(1), 1-15. https://journals.ansfoundation.org/index.php/jans/article/view/5910

Boyd, C.E. (2022). Water quality: An introduction (3rd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23335-8

Boyd, C.E.; Tucker, C.S. & McNevin, A. (2024). Water quality management in aquaculture: Trends and techniques for sustainable production (2nd ed.). Springer Nature

Chao, Y.H.; Liu, P.L. & Wang, Y.C. (2022). Salinity‑induced changes in osmoregulation and metabolic gene expression and their implications for growth performance in marine shrimp. Aquaculture, 550, 737890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.737890

Chen, Y.; Wang, Y.; Li, X. & Zhang, D. (2020). Effects of salinity on growth performance and osmoregulatory capacity in marine shrimp. Aquaculture International, 28(3), 1055–1070. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-020-00532-z

Crump, A.; Albalat, A.; Coates, C.J. & Powell, A. (2026). Crustaceans. In Pain and Suffering in Farmed Animals (pp. 415-440). Springer, Cham. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-11407-5_22](https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-11407-5_22)

Huang, J.; Zhang, L. & Chen, X. (2025a). Extreme low salinity induces disruptions in energy and lipid metabolism, reducing survival rates in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 575, Article 740567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2025.740567

Iber, B.T. & Kasan, N.A. (2021). Recent advances in shrimp aquaculture wastewater management. Heliyon, 7(11), Article e08386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08386

Islam, M.S., Hossain, M.A. & Rahman, M.M. (2018). Temperature and salinity interactions affecting growth of banana prawn (Metapenaeus merguiensis) in extensive pond culture. Aquacultural Engineering, 82, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2018.01.003

Jabbar, I.M.A.; Al-Waeli, A.A.A.; Abdul-Sahib, I. M. & Al-Maliky, T.H.Y. (2025). Seasonal variations in gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and condition factor of Metapenaeus affinis. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 29(1), 1385–1392. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2025.410647

Kumar, A.; Sahu, N.P.; Pal, A.K. & Kumar, S. (2023). Influence of salinity on growth, survival and physiological responses of penaeid shrimp. Aquaculture Reports, 29, 101612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101612

Li, E.; Chen, L.; Zhang, D. & Wang, Y. (2017). Oxygen consumption and osmoregulatory energy expenditure in shrimp under low salinity: Effects on feed efficiency. Aquaculture Research, 48(5), 2345–2356. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13045

Li, Y.; Ye, Y.; Tang, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Yao, Z.; Gao, P.; Zhao, Y. & Liu, H. (2026). Effects of high pH on molting and calcium absorption of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture Reports, 41, 102560. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102560](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102560

Li, Z.; Chang, T.; Han, F.; Fan, X.; Liu, W.; Wu, P.; Xu, C.; and Li, E. (2024). Effects of myo-inositol on growth and biomarkers of environmental stress in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei under low salinity conditions. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, 50, 101216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101216

Lim, L. S.; Chen, J. C.; Li, C. C.; Morni, W. Z. W.; Suhaili, A. S. N. A.; Kuo, Y. H.; Chang, Y. H.; Chen, L. L.; Tsui, W. C.; Chen, Y. Y., & Huang, C. L. (2021). Effects of salinity on physiological, biochemical and gene expression parameters of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon): Potential for farming in low-salinity environments. Biology, 10(12), 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121220

Liu, F.; Sun, J.; Long, J.; Sun, L.; Liu, C.; Wang, X.; Zhang, L.; Hao, P.; Wang, Z.; Cui, Y.; Wang, R. & Li, Y. (2024). Assessing the Interactive Effects of High Salinity and Stocking Density on the Growth and Stress Physiology of the Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fishes, 9(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020062

Liu, J.; Zhang, Z. & Li, W. (2021). Energy allocation and osmoregulatory costs under different salinity levels in shrimp. Aquaculture Nutrition, 27(2), 345–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/anu.13210

Lu, H.; Chen, W.; Peng, K.; Huang, M.; Zhao, J.; Chen, X.; Sun, Y.; Ruan, Z.; Li, C.; Liu, D.; Liu, Z.; Li, H.; Zhang, Y., & Huang, W. (2023). Rapid adaptive and acute stimulatory responses to low salinity in the hepatopancreas of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 574, 739653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739653

Maharani, K.; Ulfa, S. & Ariadi, H. (2024). An estimation of dissolved oxygen production model by paddle aerator in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture. BIO Web of Conferences, 136, Article 01004. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202413601004

Mohamed, A. R. M. & Abood, A. N. (2024). A catch of two species of shrimp Metapenaeus affinis and Penaeus semisulcatus in Iraqi marine waters northwest of the Arabian Gulf. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries, 28(6), 1921–1935.

Natarajan, A. & Singh, A. R. (2015). Environmental stress factors affecting shrimp growth: A comprehensive review on interactions. International Journal of Aquaculture, 14(1), 35-42.

Nazarudin, M. F.; Zulkiply, M.A.F.; Samsuri, M.H.; Anwar, N.A.S.K.; Jamal, N.S.A.; Alipiah, N.M.; Ahmad, M.I.; Nor, N.M.; Yasin, I.S.M.d.; Ikhsan, N.; Azmai, M.N.A. & Rosli, M.H. (2025). Optimizing shrimp culture through environmental monitoring: Effects of water quality and metal Ion profile on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) performance in a semi-intensive culture pond. Water, 17(19), 2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17192818

Norin, T.; Clark, T. D. & Killen, S. S. (2023). Metabolic responses to temperature in aquatic ectotherms: From mechanisms to ecosystems. Conservation Physiology, 11 (1), coad025. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coad025

Parmenter, S. L. (2021). Evaluation of an alternative salt mixture and the levels of salinity on the growth and survival of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei [Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University]. Auburn University Electronic Thesis and Dissertation. https://etd.auburn.edu/handle/10415/7622

Permata, W.M.; Anggora, S. & Suryanti, S. (2021). Osmoregulation pattern and condition factor of Indian white shrimp Penaeus indicus at different salinity levels. AACL Bioflux, 14 (4), 2198-2210. http://bioflux.com.ro/docs/2021.2198-2210.pdf

Rahi, M. L.; Azad, M. A. K.; Shams, F.; Ali, M. R. & Islam, S. S. (2021). Effects of salinity on physiological, biochemical and gene expression parameters of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon: Potential for farming in low-salinity environments. Biology, 10(12), 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10121220

Ramaglia, A. C.; Trotta, C. D. V.; Costa, J. R.; Borges, E. P.; Louzã, A. C.; Santos, M. R., & Augusto, A. (2024). Energy budget as a tool to assess the effects of environmental stressors: A study on whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) exposed to variations in salinity and ocean acidification. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 57(1), 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10236244.2024.2411205

Ricker, W.E. (1979). Growth Rates and Models. In: W.S. Hoar, D.J. Randall, J.R. Brett (Eds.), Fish Phys., Academic Press, New York, pp. 678-742.

Saputra, F.; Chen, Y. & Li, M. (2025). Gradual acclimatization improves survival from 24% to 88% in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under low-salinity conditions with optimized water quality and nutrition. Aquaculture Reports, 42, Article 102789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102789

Tang, S.K.; Akatsu, S.; El-Zahr, C.; Al-Abdul-Ellah, K.M., & Abdallah, M. (1985) Preliminary observations on the relative growth and production of sobaity (Acantheppagrus cuvien) cultured in open circulation tanks at three stocking densities. Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research. Kuwait Bull Mar Sci., 6: 95-107.

Tran, N. D.; Patkaew, T. & Chansue, N. (2024). Effect of supersaturated dissolved oxygen on growth-, survival-, and immune-related gene expression of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Veterinary World, 17 (1), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2024.112-120

Wang, F.; Gao, F. & Zhang, X. (2018). Effects of temperature stability on metabolic rates of banana prawn (Metapenaeus ensis) in semi-intensive culture systems. Aquaculture, 495, 78-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.05.032

Wang, L.; Zhang, M.; Xu, C., & Li, J. (2024). Salinity‑dependent osmoregulation and energy allocation modulate growth performance in estuarine shrimp. Aquaculture, 582, 740123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740123

Xiao, Y.; Liu, H. & Wang, Q. (2025). Chronic low-salinity stress depletes antioxidant capacity, elevates oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion in shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 312, Article 111567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2025.111567

Ye, Y.; Liu, H.; Yuan, H.; Du, X.; Huang, J. & Zhou, Y. (2025). Comparative mechanisms of acute high-alkalinity stress on the normal and hybrid populations of pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Frontiers in Marine Science, 12, 1559292. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1559292](https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1559292)

Zhang, Y. & Mykles, D. L. (2024). A brief and updated introduction to the neuroendocrine system of crustaceans. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 358, 114623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114623

Downloads

Published

03-07-2026

How to Cite

Abdulrazzaq, W. A., Khalaf, R. Z., & Al-Maliky, T. H. (2026). Comparative study of the growth rates of rearing shrimp Metapenaeus affinis (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) in two concentraions different salinities in vitro. Iraqi Journal of Aquaculture, 23(2), 251–266. Retrieved from https://ijaqua.uobasrah.edu.iq/index.php/jaqua/article/view/814