Seasonal effects of protein levels on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) body composition

Basim. Al Sulivany; Muhammad Owais; Rana  Fazal; Farkhanda Asad; Nizar  Hussein; Zeliha Selamoglu

doi:10.58629/ijaq.v21i2.520

Authors

Basim. Al Sulivany UNIVERSITY OF ZAKHO
Muhammad Owais Department of Zoology, Emerson University Multan, Punjab Pakistan
Rana Fazal 3Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Farkhanda Asad 4Government College University Faisalabad, Zoology Department, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Nizar Hussein 5Environmental Sciences Department, College of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho
Zeliha Selamoglu 6Department of Medical Biology, Medicine Faculty, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Türkiye.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58629/ijaq.v21i2.520

Keywords:

Mosul Dam, feed consumed, Cyprinus, Protein utilization

Abstract

This study evaluated the growth performance and feed utilisation of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed diets with varying protein levels across summer (June-August) and winter (December-February). During these periods, fish were acclimated to temperatures of 25.3°C in summer and 18.7°C in winter. Four dietary treatments with protein levels of 30%, 28%, 26%, and 35% were tested on 900 juvenile carp per group. Significant differences (P < 0.05-0.001) were found in daily feed consumed (DFC), total feed consumed (TFC), daily protein consumed (DPC), and total protein consumed (TPC) across treatments and seasons. Higher protein diets (28% and 35%) led to better growth in both seasons. The protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein utilisation (NPU) were highest at 26% protein, indicating optimal protein utilisation. Specific growth rate (SGR), metabolic growth rate (MGR), and condition factor (FCF) were significantly higher with the 28% protein diet in summer, aligning with improved feed efficiency ratio (FER) and PER. These results highlight the importance of protein optimisation for season-specific growth, driven by temperature-dependent metabolic processes, essential for sustainable carp aquaculture.

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